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EEG sleep spindle activity (SpA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep has been reported to be associated with measures of intelligence and overnight performance improvements. The reticular nucleus of the thalamus is generating sleep spindles in interaction with thalamocortical connections. The same system enables efficient encoding and processing during wakefulness.
Thus, we examined if the triangular relationship between SpA, measures of intelligence and declarative learning reflect the efficiency of the thalamocortical system. As expected, SpA was associated with general cognitive ability, e.g. Information processing speed.
SpA was also associated with learning efficiency, however, not with overnight performance improvement in a declarative memory task. SpA might therefore reflect the efficiency of the thalamocortical network and can be seen as a marker for learning during encoding in wakefulness, i.e. Learning efficiency.
Introduction A beneficial effect of sleep for declarative memory has been discussed for a long time, but the extent of its impact or the underlying mechanism is still a matter of debate. Sleep spindles, a major EEG characteristic of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, have been associated with such sleep dependent memory improvement. Thus, learning of a declarative memory task resulted in an increase of sleep spindle density during subsequent sleep and the sleep dependent performance improvement correlated with the number of sleep spindles. However, there are also studies reporting no sleep dependent performance improvement in declarative memory tasks,,.
The divergence regarding sleep dependent performance improvement could be due to differences in the task design. For example, one major difference in the task design is the feedback for accuracy given in an immediate recall before sleep,. Such a feedback might be associated with performance improvements in delayed recall after sleep. Another interesting observation of sleep spindles is their relationship to measures of intelligence found in various studies,,,. This relationship fits with the finding that the topographic distribution of sleep spindle activity (SpA) might reflect functional anatomical differences between individuals. How sleep spindles are generated may provide an explanation for the link between sleep spindles and measures of intelligence. Euphonix Mc Mix Installer Google on this page. Sleep spindles are the result of an interaction between the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and thalamocortical connections,.
During wakefulness the TRN is a key component in a larger attentional network, enabling the thalamocortical system to encode and process relevant information more efficiently. Efficient information processing is certainly an important factor for intelligence.
Moreover, efficient attention allocation is also an important factor for learning efficiency. In the present experiment we compared the performance improvement in a declarative memory task between an immediate and a delayed recall after sleep and examined their relationship to SpA and general cognitive abilities. Methods The data of 15 male subjects were obtained from a larger study (Lustenberger et al., unpublished data). Subjects were paid for participation. The cantonal ethic commission in Zurich (Switzerland, study identification number: EK 2009-0120/2) approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.